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这一细分市场的营销工作应该注意一个重要的警告：从客户那里收集的旅行后感知可能并不总是准确的预测未来需求。这将通过建立植被样带和照相点来完成，这些样带和照点在湿循环和干循环中重复出现。这是一个特殊的时刻，这是我记忆中没有的，整个国际旅行和旅游业也是如此。　　Contents　　preface　　Introduction 1　　PART ONE The Context　　Chapter 1 Who Are You?　　The Influence of Time and Place　　The Influence of Ideas　　The influence of Mass Culture　　The ""Science"" of Manipulation　　The Influence of Psychology　　Becoming an Individual　　Chapter 2 What Is Critical Thinking?　　Mind, Brain, or Both?　　Critical Thinking Defined　　Characteristics of Critical Thinkers　　The Role of Intuition　　Basic Activities in Critical Thinking　　Critical Thinking and Writing　　Critical Thinking and Discussion　　Avoiding Plagiarism　　Chapter 3 What Is Truth?　　Where Does It All Begin?　　Imperfect Perception　　Imperfect Memory　　Deficient Information　　Even the Wisest Can Err　　Truth Is Discovered, Not Created　　Understanding Cause and Effect　　Chapter 4 What Does It Mean to Know?　　Requirements of Knowing　　Testing Your Own Knowledge　　How We Come to Know　　Why Knowing Is Difficult　　A Cautionary Tale　　Is Faith a Form of Knowledge?　　Obstacles to Knowledge　　Chapter 5 How Good Are Your Opinions?　　Opinions Can Be Mistaken　　Opinions on Moral Issues　　Even Experts Can Be Wrong　　Kinds of Errors　　Informed Versus Uninformed Opinion　　Forming Opinions Responsibly　　Chapter 6 What Is Evidence?　　Kinds of Evidence　　Evaluating Evidence　　What Constitutes Sufficient Evidence?　　Chapter 7 What Is Argument?　　The Parts of an Argument　　Evaluating Arguments　　More Difficult Arguments　　PART TWO The Pitfalls　　Chapter 8 The Basic Problem: ""Mine Is Better""　　Egocentric People　　Ethnocentric People　　Controlling ""Mine-Is-Better"" Thinking　　Chapter 9 Errors of Perspective　　Poverty of Aspect　　Unwarrented Assumptions　　The Either/Or Outlook　　Mindless Conformity　　Absolutism　　Relativism　　Bias for or Against Change　　Chapter 10 Errors of Procedure　　Biased Consideration of Evidence　　Double Standard　　Hasty Conclustion　　Overgeneralization and Stereotyping　　Oversimplification　　The Post Hoc Fallacy　　Chapter 11 Errors of Expression　　Contradiction　　Arguing in a Circle　　Meaningless Statement　　Mistaken Authority　　False Analogy　　Irrational Appeal　　Chapter 12 Errors of Reaction　　Automatic Rejection　　Changing the Subject　　Shifting the Burden of Proof　　Straw Man　　Attacking the Critic　　Chapter 13 The Errors in Combination　　Errors of Perspective　　Errors of Procedure　　Errors of Expression　　Errors of Reaction　　Sample Combinations of Errors　　A Sensible View of Terminology　　PART THREE A sTRATEGY　　Chapter 14 Knowing Yourself　　Critical Thinking Inventory　　Using Your Inventory　　Challenge and Reward　　Chapter 15 Being Observant　　Observing People　　Observation in Science and Medicine　　The Range of Application　　Becoming More Observant　　Reflecting on Your Observations　　Chapter 16 Selecting an Issue　　The Basic Rule: Less Is More　　How to Limit an Issue　　Sample Issue: Pornography　　Sample Issue: Boxing　　Sample Issue: Juvenile Crime　　Narrowing the Issue Further　　Chapter 17 Conducting Inquiry　　Working with Inconclusive Results　　Where to Look for INformation　　Keeping Focused　　How Much Inquiry Is Enough?　　Managing Lengthy Material　　Chapter 18 Forming a Judgment　　Evaluating Evidence　　Evaluating Your Sources' Arguments　　Making Important Distinctions　　Expressing Judgments　　Chapter 19 Persuading Others　　Guidelineds for Persuasion　　An Unpersuasive Presentation　　A Persuasive Presentation　　Notes　　IndexPreface　　When the first edition of this book appeared in 1975, the dominant intellectual focus was still subjectiveity, feelings。Messenger等即时消息帐户与朋友和家人聊天。